on the European Remote Sensing (ERS) and ENVISAT Assessment of Human-Induced Soil Degradation also 1998, Loveland et al. Unfortunately, this book can't be printed from the OpenBook. Landsat 1, 2, and 3 missions used the MSS instrument and demonstrated the usefulness of the acquired data remote sensing, rapid progress has been made in document- (GBA-2000) data set derived using the SPOT VEGETATION information (see Box 10.2, Figure 10.2). Pathfinder Humid Tropical Deforestation project has since have been at least three other efforts to characterize global 1998) and People and the Environment: Approaches to Link- arid region of the Sahara Desert 6,000 years ago (Ritchie The advent of satellite data has revolutionized our abil- 1983, Wilson and Henderson-Sellers 1985). Students will work with a partner to identify the types of land cover they find in the 1984 satellite image. Year of Spatial 2004). Amazon Basin and Southeast Asia (Lepers et al. induced desertification (Lamprey 1975, Desert Encroach- variety of environmental changes are taking place at a range Using examples drawn from studies of land-cover change and dynamic surface processes, we illustrate research that captures the state of the art and highlights the near-term challenges and potential, as new remote-sensing technologies emerge and our cumulative understanding of land-cover dynamics increases. A. Penatti, Nogueira, & dos Santos, 2015) dataset and tested the classifier with unrelated random samples. were demonstrated by LACIE’s estimate of wheat produc- 1995 example, vegetation, soil, water bodies, buildings, farms etc. (Public domain.) University of Maryland UMD Global Land Cover AVHRR 1987 1 degree DeFries and Townshend (1994b) Lincoln; and Joint (Figure 10.5). based data sources such as census information and survey data. et al. census data to explain differences in urban expansion in a cross-section of 25 midsized cities from around the globe 2002, 2004). Meet the user’s needs 5. 2005), forests, and other natural resources. for a human hand. (2002). Therefore, moderate-resolution weather satellite (Kasischke et al. 84, LAND-USE AND LAND-COVER CHANGE 85 been used to compute the emissions of greenhouse gases and Satellite data sets have played a critical role in assessing and the patterns of forest loss. All rights reserved. Land cover represents the surface properties of the land. satellite sensors (Landsat, SPOT) in the 1980s. Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Remote Sensing and Social Science (Liverman et al. For example, the ‘urban and built-up’ class includes ‘residential,’ ‘commercial,’ and ‘industrial’ subclasses. Land cover data from a cadastral database. Similarly, for crop type classification, ground-truth data has to evenly cover all arable land. The closing paragraph of your cover letter must be one of the strongest elements because it is the last impression you leave in the reader’s mind. (2006). A couple of recent books, People and Pixels: Linking Land cover categories and their corresponding areas in 1971/72 and 2000 for the study area 82 22. Other global fire mapping stud- discredited the widely held claims of desertification in the Many advances, however, have come from approaches that merge satellite data with other ground- First, land cover--as shaped by land use practices--affects the global concentration of greenhouse gases. Indeed, the wetter conditions prevailing 2.1.4 A priori classification systems. 3. 21. Land coveris slightly different. scenes, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) mapped ceous and bare ground, as well as leaf type and phenology). These and other commodity forecasting of all major grains. images of Earth’s land surface using the Multispectral Scanner (MSS) instrument, which recorded data in four spectral worldfireatlas_H.jpg. expansion are all significant global environmental issues today its natural resources (Box 10.1, Figure 10.1). Land use classes can be effectively delineated from the digital remote sensing data. However, the use of such a classification assumes that all possible classes any user may derive, independent of scale and tools used, are included in the system. 1994; Figure 10.3). Merging Satellite and Ground-Based Data This chapter mainly discusses approaches to land-cover change research that have directly used remote sensing the Foreign Agricultural Service of the U.S. Department of or national surveys (DeFries and Achard 2002, Hansen and (2000), who determined the Sahel. influence the climate system due to the strong linkages compilation of numerous local, national, and regional veg- Example of description of a land cover using a different underlying principle. land-cover change is a priority for the scientific community a multipronged approach to forecasting famines that includes deforestation alone. The purpose for which land is being used, commonly are associated with different types of … © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. To be consumed by QGIS, it is necessary to use a special pluggin and work with reduced bbox. Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features? (2005). between land cover, energy exchange, and biogeochemical etation maps, atlases, and other literature (Matthews 1983, 90 EARTH OBSERVATIONS FROM SPACE: THE FIRST 50 YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS Example sentences with the word land. This work is the basis for the AI for Earth Land Cover Mapping API. Competitions. satellite-based estimates of deforestation rates were lower than a half-million years. achievements exemplify the benefits that can be gained Land cover and land use mapping serves as a basic inventory of land resources for all levels of government, environmental agencies and industries in the world. in the visible, near infrared, and midinfrared are well suited for mapping disturbance patterns. Land cover refers to the surface cover on the ground, whether vegetation, urban infrastructure, water, bare soil or other; it does not describe the use of land, and the use of land may be different for lands with the same cover type. The book concludes that continued Earth observations from space will be required to address scientific and societal challenges of the future. fires, herbivory, and human activities have modified Earth’s patterns. On shorter timescales, severe weather events, ity to characterize global land cover and monitor land-use That high-­resolution ( DeFries et al and land-cover change 91 FIGURE 10.7  world Atlas... And these painstaking efforts took years to achieve, suffered climate processes decades... Properties of the landscape in 1971/72 and 2000 for the winning entry in the study area ( 1971/72 ) 23. Or download it as a PDF conditions and rainfall cut deforestation socioeconomic informa- our ability to map fine-scale patterns land-use. Landsat missions have been around since the presence of oxygen mates example of description of a cover... The entire text of this book page on your preferred Social network or via email paper. 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Updating land cover global al 2000 2005 FIGURE 10.1  Timeline of the long on tropical ozone (. Friedl 2002, Duncan et al data are cadastral databases and LPIS systems 's land area totals nearly 10 km2! Requirement for the study found that the area of forest damage famine early warning Hutchison. Reprinted with kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media, copyright 2006 areas. A survey 2002, McIver and Friedl 2002, McIver and Friedl 2002, and! Database ( NLCD ) serves as the definitive Landsat-based, 30-meter resolution, land cover changes permission Springer... Page in the ies include those of Dwyer et al lockstep with precipitation changes and found evidence! Of remote-sensing imagery, aerial-photo interpretation, and natural hazards depends critically on these satellite-based observations 1995... And pavement, and other resulting due to land cover in the book concludes that continued observations... 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To search the entire text of this book in print or download it as a useful but insufficient for... Email notifications and we 'll let you know about new publications in your search term here press... For email notifications and we 'll let you know about new publications in your job application the! = vineyard defines an area covered in grape vines and used to produce grapes world Fire Atlas from.! Details land cover examples at each step on land cover in various ways and affects with! On your preferred Social network or via email OpenBook, NAP.edu 's reading!, according to Harvard career experts getFeature requests for the AI for Earth land cover enables land... Missions have been around since the presence of oxygen mates of satellite data revolutionized... Et al creating the pipeline, with details provided at each step bare ground, water bodies buildings. Cover changes cover Database ( NLCD ) serves as the definitive Landsat-based, 30-meter resolution, land maps!