There are more sheep than people in Scotland – on almost … For much of the 20th century the name became Rhum, a spelling invented by the former owner, Sir George Bullough, because he did not relish the idea of having the title "Laird of Rum". A later report for the king indicated that the island was repopulated by members of Clan Ranald[58][59], The MacLeans of Rùm and of Duart were mild supporters of the Scottish reformation, remaining Episcopalian, rather than becoming Presbyterian, and consequently the Roman Catholic church thought them susceptible to re-conversion. [11][12] Seafaring Hebrideans had numerous taboos concerning spoken references to islands. The second is in the incongruous style of a Greek temple. Wetlands naturally absorb and store In 1588, he had the fortune for some remains of the Spanish Armada to arrive in his lands (Mull); Lachlan offered them refuge in return for a supply of 100 soldiers. [32], Farm Fields, a site near Kinloch, provides some of the earliest known evidence of human occupation in Scotland. the widest southern end. Ram's Island is located approximately one mile offshore from Lennymore Bay and Sandy Bay on the Eastern Shore of Lough Neagh. So total had been the clearance that he was forced to import families to the island to act as shepherds[note 26]. Rixson (2001) page 169, quoting a variety of sources. The Faroese Coat of Arms shows a Ram. It had 37 buildings. In 1549 Donald Munro, conducting a survey, noted that although the island "pertained" to Coll it "obeys instantlie" to Duart,[12] a situation that continued for some time. Glacial Esker. International Union for Conservation of Nature, "The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Rubbish dump reveals time-capsule of Scotland's earliest settlements", "Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands", Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two), "A toponomastic contribution to the linguistic prehistory of the British Isles", "A Glimpse through a Dirty Window into an Unlit House: Names of Some North-West European Islands", "Some Island Names in the Former 'Kingdom of the Isles': a reappraisal", "Assessment of Social Capital on Rum and the Small Isles", "Caldera formation in the Rum Central Igneous Complex, Scotland", A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, "Isle of Rhum, Bullough Mausoleum, Harris  (Category B) (LB14122)", "The Story of Rum National Nature Reserve", Scotland's Census 2001 – Occasional Paper No 10: Statistics for Inhabited Islands, "Climate change alters red deer gene pool", "An oasis of fertility on a barren island: Earthworms at Papadil, Isle of Rum", "Giant worms discovered on remote Scottish island", "Rum in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "Scottish Natural Heritage - Isle of Rum", Site Management statement for Rùm Site of Special Scientific Interest, Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site, Description of the Western Isles of Scotland, A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rùm&oldid=995056466, Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Rum and the Small Isles, Articles with dead external links from May 2014, Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text, Articles containing Old Norse-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 1: Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute/KNMI, The national nature reserve is classified as a, Clutton-Brock, T. and Ball, M.E. The goat stocks were improved for stalking in the early 20th century and acquired a reputation for the size of their horns and the thickness of their fleeces. There is no indigenous population; the residents are a mixture of employees of NatureScot and their families, together with a number of researchers and a school teacher. It has been important in the development of sociobiology and behavioural ecology, particularly in relation to the understanding of aggression through game theory. How strange a cycle![76]. Though merely a small bay, about a mile in breadth, and curving inland for a mile and a half, it is quite sheltered from all winds save the east, being flanked to the south and west by Haskeval and Hondeval, and guarded on the northern side by a low range of heathery slopes. The Roman Catholic population of Eigg, an adjacent island, facetiously called Rùm's Protestantism The Religion of the Yellow Stick. The increased health and fecundity this brought, and the lack of further wars, led to a population expansion;[61] by 1801 there were nine hamlets on the island. Rams is the largest island on Lough Neagh. amazing ecosystems, which help us prepare for, cope with and Visitors to the Island are usually very wetlands such as flood plains, rivers, lakes and swamps function and Crawley M.J. (2002). The chamber eventually collapsed, forming a caldera. She added: "They live on the edge of the cliffs of the island and know how … Join us for On Tuesday, Larysa Switlyk, a self-described "hardcore huntress" who hosts the program "Larysa Unleashed," shared several photos of herself with animals she had ostensibly shot while visiting the island of Islay in Scotland … of Lough Neagh, Coney Island and Rams Island. Soil for the grounds was imported from Ayrshire and figs, peaches, grapes and nectarines were grown in greenhouses. Filmed on a flat calm day with the clouds reflected in the water. [107][108][109] In December it was announced that £250,000 of land and buildings were likely to be placed into community ownership, subject to a ballot of the electorate in January 2009. The local name Føroyar is sometimes translated as the "Islands of Sheep." media captionThe couple made the move after googling and seeing pictures of Rum on TV. The Dramathon 2020 Postponed to 2021. A small number of cairns, again of uncertain date, are also located along the coast[note 4]. buffer coastlines from extreme weather Coastal wetlands such as There are however various complications with both the definitions of an "island" and occasional habitation and the National Records of Scotland also list a further 17 islands … Older What's New? A family day out on Lough Neagh with light refreshments provided by Its available now for £6 plus £1.50p&p. The main rivers of Rùm were essentially just trickling streams, so Cranbourne came up with a plan to increase the power of the Kinloch River, by diverting the other two. Of the nine hamlets that were mapped in 1801, seven of the names are of Norse origin.[14]. The herd of 30 grazes in the Harris area from September to June, and further north in Glen Shellesder in the summer months. [5][6] This is because the British Isles were likely repopulated from the Iberian Peninsula following the last Ice Age. July, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gcj1cB4owDA. Helping the Environment shock absorbers. In the 18th century average land rental values on Rùm were a third those of neighbouring Eigg, and only a fifth of Canna's. At the turn of the century, William I had created the position of Sheriff of Inverness, to be responsible for the Scottish highlands, which theoretically now extended to Garmoran;[48][49] nevertheless, the treaty expressly preserved the power of local rulers, turning the MacRory lands into the Lordship of Garmoran, a quasi-independent crown dependency, rather than an intrinsic part of Scotland. rice that feed billions. Lough Neagh was … [20] This combination of geology and topography make for less than ideal agricultural conditions, and it is doubtful that more than one tenth of the island has ever been cultivated. Lady Bullough died in London, in 1967, at the age of 98; she was buried next to her husband in the Rùm mausoleum. Eastern Shore of Lough Neagh. Association Company. or camp please contact us on 07715368050, A Camping Video produced for Youtube on the weekend 25th/26th The archipelago is situated approximately 400 km (250 mi) north-northwest of the coast of Scotland (United Kingdom) and about 460 km (285 mi) east-southeast of Iceland. [68] Inevitably, when the Napoleonic Wars ended, the kelp price collapsed, causing severe financial hardship. The breed is one of the Northern European short-tailed sheep breeds. 50 years later, when visiting the wider region, Dr. Johnson was told that the laird[note 17] had hit one of the tenants across the back with a gold-tipped cane, as punishment for going to Roman Catholic mass, threatening the same treatment for any others who did so. In 1825 there were about 425 people living on the … Jelly Ear can also be found. "; "Some of them", came the reply, "Others were not very willing, they did not like to leave the land of their ancestors". Ross, John (7 February 2008) " 'Forbidden Isle' gets a new champion". The idyllic island, which is … The presence of this hunter-gatherer community may have been to take advantage of the local supplies of bloodstone, a workable material for the making of tools and weapons. – and beyond! Rams is the largest island on Lough Neagh. Wetlands play a significant role in stabilizing GHG Most of the residents live in the hamlet of Kinloch, in the east of the island, which has no church or pub, but does have a village hall and a small primary school. John was succeeded as owner of Rùm by his son, George (later Sir George). Ball. However, the "Rhum" spelling is used on a Kilmory gravestone dated 1843. time’ qualities make Ram’s a pleasant and attractive place to visit. of wetlands. The native cattle were re-introduced in 1970, having been absent since the 19th century clearances. The name is either Old Norse, meaning ‘wide island’ or Gaelic meaning ‘isle of the ridge’. coastlines. On arrival, many of the leaders were seized and imprisoned; after a quick show trial of Godfrey's heir[52], and in view of Clan Ranald being no less responsible for the violence, King James declared the Lordship of Garmoran forfeit. For In 1726, Presbyterianism was established in Rùm, quickly taking hold of the island's population (there were only around 150 people living on Rùm at the time). When drained or burned for agriculture (as wetlands often are) Following the forfeiture, most of Garmoran remained with the Scottish crown until 1469, when James III granted Lairdship of it to John of Ross, the new MacDonald leader, who passed it to his own half-brother, Hugh of Sleat. In light of this, Richard Coates has suggested that it may be worth looking for a Proto-Semitic source for the name. "Rhum's Human History" in Clutton-Brock and Ball (1987) pages 39-40. Scotland's capital city has a rich and haunting history, suffering through Roman occupation and Viking raids until 1035, when Duncan I became the first king of Scotland. They reduce the intensity of waves, storm Wetlands Learn More [39] He wrote of Columba: Simple stone pillars, over 4.5 feet tall, have been found at Kilmory and Bagh na h-Uamha ('bay of the cave'), and may date from this period. Heslop Harrison is widely believed to have placed many of these plants on the island himself to provide evidence for his theory about the geological development of the Hebridean islands. In addition to its status as a National Nature Reserve, Rùm was designated a Biosphere Reserve from 1976 to 2002,[87] a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1987, and has seventeen sites scheduled as nationally important ancient monuments. We don't know exactly who … Emeleus, C. H. "The Rhum Volcano" in Clutton-Brock and Ball (1987) page 12. [114], In the summer of 2002 a reality TV programme titled Escape from Experiment Island was filmed on the island. As from Friday  01.07 2020 [98] The forested area, which consists of over a million re-introduced native trees and shrubs, is essentially confined to the vicinity of Kinloch and the slopes near this site surrounding Loch Scresort and on nearby Meall á Ghoirtein. elevated central spine of the island. Woodcarver The western point is the A'Bhrideanach peninsula, and to the southwest lie Wreck Bay, the cliffs of Sgorr Reidh and Harris Bay. When Lachlan Mor became leader of the MacLeans of Duart, he pursued the feud with vigour. [47], In 1380, shortly after it was acquired by Ranald, John of Fordun indicates that Rùm was "a wooded and hilly island" "with excellent sport, but few inhabitants". Wetlands are the most Snowdrops, Bluebells, Primrose, Lords and Ladies (Jack in the Pulpit), ; Rothero, G.P. [71], In 1827, when giving evidence to a government select committee on emigration, an agent of the laird was asked "And were the people willing to go? [27][28] Two of the Cuillin are classified as Corbetts: Askival and Ainshval, (Old Norse for "mountain of the ash trees" and "hill of the strongholds" respectively) and Rùm is the smallest Scottish island to have a summit above 762 metres (2,500 ft). Its remote, wilderness and ‘lost in Rum holds a number of national and international designations for its spectacular natural and built heritage, including: The entire island is owned and managed as a single estate by NatureScot. cooperative and do not as a rule leave litter. http://www.keepnorthernirelandbeautiful.org/, Postponed by weather from The area is occasionally closed to visitors during the period of the deer rut in the autumn. They are rocky peaks of gabbro, forming the Rum layered intrusion. In 1845, the MacLean laird sold the island to the Marquess of Salisbury, who converted Rùm into an estate for country sports. [112] The Lochnevis has a landing craft-style stern ramp allowing vehicles to be driven onto and off the vessel at a new slipway constructed in 2001. Love, J.A. Wetlands act as a In 1852, he attempted to dam the Kilmory River, half a mile north of Loch Sgathaig, the plan being to send the overflow into the Kinloch River via a short canal; unfortunately Salisbury's Dam collapsed shortly after being built. Spring months are usually the driest and winter the wettest, but any month may receive the highest level of precipitation during the year.[22]. at Papadil (Old Norse: "valley of the hermit") near the southern extremity has the ruins of a lodge built and then abandoned by the Bulloughs. (1987) pages 2-3. click link for more The best anchorage is Loch Scresort, with other bays offering only temporary respites from poor weather. minimizing water shortages. [33][note 1]; at this time the landscape was dominated by alder, hazel and willow scrub. Children accompanied by an adult welcome. Strategies that address climate change must include the wise use At Shellesder, the promontory contains the remains of three round stone-walled huts, one of which integrates with the dividing wall. The early Celtic and Norse settlers left only a few written accounts and artefacts. Nonetheless, the significant number of Norse-derived names that exist eight centuries after Viking political control ended indicate the importance of their presence on the island. Lough Neagh Secures [2] The North Ronaldsay Sheep is a most unusual breed, subsisting largely on a diet … Nevertheless, Rùm had no permanent Protestant minister, and when one visited, he was obliged to conduct sermons in the open air, there being no church building. A contemporary, Skene, noted that, Romb is ane Ile of small profit, except that it conteins mony deir, and for sustentation thairof the same is permittit unlabourit, except twa townis. When in 1957 Lady Bullough sold the whole island, including the Castle and its contents, to the Nature Conservancy Council[note 29], on the understanding that it would be used as a national nature reserve,[3][83][84] the mausoleum was the only part of Rùm not included in the sale. [69][70] Similar evictions happened all over the gaelic-speaking parts of Scotland, and collectively became known as the Highland Clearances. These features have led to speculation that they may be related to primitive northern European breeds, although it is more likely that they originate from the western Mediterranean. The drone is American-made, but it sports some unusual modifications. Ballantyne, Colin K, and Dawson, Alastair G. "Geomorphology and Landscape Change" in Edwards & Ralston (2003) page 42. The laird himself was in additional difficulties as a result of having purchased the Isle of Muck during the peak of demand for kelp. visitors. Rùm was purchased by the Nature Conservancy Council in 1957. Such a fun hunt!!" O’Neill’s’ nineteenth century summer house. flood surges. Nature 394: 260-263. Vimeo. It is sometimes claimed that they are descended from animals that travelled with the Spanish Armada, although it is probable that they arrived by more conventional means. [12] Munro goes on to argue that the best way of slaying the deer would be when they are moving uphill (when gravity is against them), their principal home being in the heights. So it was that in 1588 Lachlan Mor attacked the Small Isles with the aid of Spaniards, and slaughtered its population, sparing neither women nor children. [42][43][44][45][46][47] The only archaeological evidence of a Norse presence on Rùm, to date, is a piece of carved narwhal ivory[note 5], dating from the MacRory era, which served as a playing token / draughtsman[3][note 6]. [63], However, local agriculture was comparatively primitive,[64] and the lack of lime restricted the ability to tan leather, or construct sophisticated buildings;[65] the island was no more valuable than the much much smaller island of Muck. It is nearly one mile long by a quarter of a mile wide at The purchaser in the 1888 sale was John Bullough, a cotton machinery manufacturer (and self-made millionaire) from Accrington in Lancashire, who continued to use the island for recreational purposes. emissions and blunting the impacts of climate change. There are also various Mosses and Lichens. [50] It is possible that during the early medieval period the island was used as a hunting reserve by the nobility;[51] in Gaelic it was referred to as Rìoghachd na Forraiste Fiadhaich — "the kingdom of the wild forest".[13]. The Isle of Rum on the west coast of Scotland is on the hunt for residents to live in four newly-built eco homes to help boost their dwindling community numbers.. In 1622, the Irish church sent Cornelius Ward[note 16], a Franciscan friar, to bring Roman Catholicism back into the MacLean lands. One of these is sheep. M.E. John Garbh (the youngest son) now obtained Rùm (possibly, Alexander had quitclaimed it to him); like Hugh's gains, Clan Ranald objected to this transfer. Peatlands cover about 3% of our planet’s land and store Another 38 miles north is the Orkneys' main island, home of the sublime Highland Park and its cross-island rival, Scapa. A Caledonian MacBrayne ferry links the island with the mainland town of Mallaig. However, on Ranald's death, Godfrey seized Garmoran, leading to an enormous amount of violence between him and Ranald's heirs (Clan Ranald)[note 7]. The laird, and Dr Lachlan, paid for their journey. click for Directions to Sandy Bay Marina for Ferry to Rams Island, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Glasgow. forward. Haswell-Smith (2004) suggests that Rum is "probably" pre-Celtic, but may be Old Norse rõm-øy for "wide island" or Gaelic ì-dhruim (pronounced [iˈɣɾɯim]) meaning "isle of the ridge". A family day out on The introduction of the potato as a food crop, in the 18th century, led to a rapid expansion of demand for arable land, which the populace also planted with barley. New breeds have also been developed more recently in Scotland, such as the Scottish Fold cat, which dates from 1961. bounce back from the impacts of climate change, For more info about World Wetlands Day visit flooding and drought, benefits are not widely MoneyGram offers fast, reliable ways to send money: send for cash pick-up, to a bank account, or to a mobile wallet. details click here, A short video about the Woodcarvings on the Island. From the 12th to 13th centuries on, the island was held by various clans including the MacLeans of Coll. There are Yew, more than doubled in just 35 years, and 90% of these disasters (1995). family day out on Lough Neagh with light refreshments. & Ralston, Ian B.M. [116], Coordinates: 57°0′N 6°21′W / 57.000°N 6.350°W / 57.000; -6.350, At the time of its discovery, the site at Farm Fields was considered to be the earliest evidence in Scotland. Examination of peat cores and pollen records indicates that soil erosion (suggesting clearance of woodland for agricultural purposes) was taking place in 3470 BC (the early Neolithic era); much later, from 2460 BC, evidence of arable cultivation exists. Even a couple of new rented houses could make such a difference to the community's wellbeing. There is a shell-midden at Papadil in the south and evidence of tidal fish traps at both Kinloch and Kilmory.[35]. We’ve already lost 35% since 1970. It’s nothing quite like the buyout of Anglo firms by the Tatas, but iconic yoga guru ‘Swami’ Ramdev has acquired a Scottish isle for about £2 million to set up a … It has been called the only living example of the small, … The island will be the guru’s base overseas. Despite being a dependency of the Norwegian king, practical authority rested with the MacSorley, following a revolt by their ancestor, Somerled; the strip from Uist to the Rough Bounds, which contained the Small Isles, was ruled by the MacRory branch of the MacSorley. There are overgrown paths along        Cardwell’s little house. degradation of our Ross (2007) notes that there is a written record of Ruim from 677 and suggests "spacious island" from the Gaelic rùm. (Eds) (1987), Edwards, Kevin J. [99] Nonetheless, the native flora offers much of interest. The Shetland sheep is a breed of domestic sheep from Scotland. But today the breed is also raised in many other parts of the … like sponges, absorbing and storing excess rainfall and reducing The Isle of Rum, a small island in the archipelago located 30 miles off the coast of Scotland, is looking for new residents to add to its current population of around 30 to 40. "Rhum's Human History" in Clutton-Brock and Ball (1987) page 30. [89], The island has small herds of ponies, feral goats (Capra hircus) and Highland cattle. In 2004, however the remains of a large camp were found at, found by a schoolboy in 1964, at Samhnan Insir, when winds exposed them, the castle-like structure in the centre of the image is a natural rock formation, the Papadil Pinnacle, at Carn-an-dobhrain Bhig, at A' Bhrideanach, at, Though surviving records reference the level of violence, they don't describe it in detail, traditionally referred to as holding lands, As leader of the MacLeans, Lachlan's second son – the eldest, surnamed MacDonald, but often known as Allan MacRuari, after his father, Ruari (rather than his ancestral family, the MacRuadhri/MacRory), the offence was the use of Spaniards, not the violence and arson, comparatively generous by the standards of other highland clearances, He chose families being evicted from Skye and MacLean lands in Mull, Virtanaen, R., Edwards, G.R. permanently inhabited in the 1920s by the Cardwell family who were In 1844 the visiting geologist, Hugh Miller, wrote: The single sheep farmer who had occupied the holdings of so many had been unfortunate in his speculations, and had left the island: the proprietor, his landlord seemed to have been as little fortunate as his tenant, for the island itself was in the market; and a report went current at the time that it was on the eve of being purchased by some wealthy Englishman, who purposed converting it into a deer forest. They burst The family decided the first version was inadequate and dynamited it. [7] Rum would therefore mean something like ‘(island of) height' or 'high island'. Lough Neagh with light refreshments provided by RBLNAC. The population grew to over 400 by the late 18th century but was cleared of its indigenous population between 1826 and 1828. A Florida-based hunter and TV personality is being criticized for shooting a wild goat in Scotland and then posing with it on social media. American hunter Larysa Switlyk is being criticized for killing wild animals in Scotland and posting the photos on social media. Cornelius had no luck with the MacLean leadership, who remained Episcopalian, but the (small) population of Rùm does appear to have become Roman Catholic again. Lava flowing away from the volcanic centre formed Bloodstone Hill, gas bubbles leaving holes in the structure that were then filled with green agate flecked with red. natural sponge against It has a fine beach and the remains of a village, and has for some years served as the base for research into red deer (see below). [38] These primarily consist of a wall dividing the promontory from the rest of the island, but at Kilmory, there is also a rampart with a hollow containing the traces of an interior structure. There is a summer teashop open. Page 30 `` Just 23 can vote... but islanders of Rum are ready to take control '',. Inhabited since the 19th century clearances based at the banks of the Suisnish on. Shetland Isles, Rùm was highly forested, with the mainland town Mallaig! [ 32 ], Rùm is mainly igneous in origin, and the... Continued to visit Rùm as late as 1954 Eds ) ( 2003 ) ] Rum would mean... Of Lumbricus terrestris have reached tremendous sizes, with the largest breeding in! Herd of 30 grazes in the summer months palmate newt and the only reptile to. Led to new sources of income mainland town of Mallaig forced to import families to the Mesolithic period 7700-7500... From Ayrshire and figs, peaches, grapes and nectarines were grown greenhouses! The background ( 2001 ) page 48 dramatically, bankrupting Dr Lachlan Maclean grounds was imported Ayrshire. Ghg emissions and blunting the impacts of climate change must include the wise use of.! Light of this, Richard Coates has suggested that Rams was formed as a business... Houses could make such a difference to the sale documents, the Islands! Dated to the Kingdom of the island. [ 100 ] for the name and.: General Register office for Scotland ( 28 November 2003 ) is unequivocal Rùm. Clans including the MacLeans of Coll, as surviving records do not it! Was imported from Ayrshire and figs, peaches, grapes and nectarines were grown in...., E. J ; Thomson, D. ; Armstrong, H.M. ; [.! 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Lease the whole island to act as shepherds [ note 1 ] ; at this time there were crofts... Offering only temporary respites from poor weather ] These efforts are based the! Another 38 miles north is the site of the island will be the ’. Octagonal stone tower the Dramathon 2020 happen on BBC television showed coverage of the island 40.4... Glennis, and Dr Lachlan Maclean the increased demand for work led to new sources income. David ( 10 December 2008 ) `` 'Forbidden Isle ' gets a new ''!, George ( later Sir George ) found on Rùm is the common lizard are large granite... 93 ] the only living example of the sublime Highland Park and its cross-island rival,.. 'S the time, Rùm was highly forested, with other bays offering only temporary from. Note 1 ] ; at this time there were about 100 people employed on island. Igneous in origin, and to the island was sold to Farquhar Campbell, from Aros, a gnat... Exterminated on the estate Volcano '' in Clutton-Brock and Ball ( 1987 ) page 12 Peninsula following the last Age. 99 ] Nonetheless, the Maclean laird sold the island has small herds of ponies, goats... Transient population comprising ram island scotland of NatureScot and their families, researchers, and within ten years 82 sea. Peaks remained above the Pleistocene Ice sheets as nunataks commodious only for hunting of deir... and raise... Total of 590 higher plant and fern taxa have been eroded by Pleistocene glaciation predators! And forcing him to leave ' main island, home of the largest weighing 12.7 grams fuel emissions origin [... American-Made, but it sports some unusual modifications 29 mo Swindon, Wiltshire from September to June, protect. 6Th and seventh century, which was cleared of its indigenous population 1826... Are large sorted granite boulder circles 2–3 metres across on the island. [ 100 ] hazel and willow.! Common lizard Invertebrates of Rhum '' in Clutton-Brock and Ball ( 1987 ) 11... [ 32 ], Rùm is also noted for its bird life, page. Teams build vehicles to Escape from the Iberian Peninsula following the last is the site of the sublime Highland and... Metoffice weather station at Kinloch providing long term climate observations reintroduction began in 1975 and!