Because cocoa butter has a variety of uses besides suppository making, it is r, Cocoa butter has a solidification temperature 12° to 13° below its melting point.This mak, Cocoa butter has the further disadvantage of existing in sev. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Front matter—NF: Excipients. Calculate tl.re cocoa butter (2 moLrld) surppostoties. Nearly all the vendors are women, and more than a third are illiterate. Water-soluble or water miscible base – they dissolve or disperse in rectal secretions. What are the characteristics of an ideal base? 2005; 883-886. Physical incompatibility 4. 4. Classify suppository bases. 7 (food/drug) or (drug/medical device). Now we explore the chemical properties of acids and bases. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Antiemetic drugs help ease nausea and vomiting. Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients - 7th edition, The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Bioavailability of Acetaminophen Suppositories. “Saponificationvalue”rangesfrom200to245 -- -'- -J ( l0) (b) Define the Displacement value. Flavors B. All rights reserved. author from practitioners report base 5 to be superior for this purpose. Discuss the Historical development of the Indian Pharmacopoeia. Define suppository. They should not be applied to infected skin. These are drugs that have escaped government regulation and are essentially those smuggled into the country past customs agents (or with their connivance). Define and classify dosage forms. Oleaginous bases include Theobroma Oil and synthetic triglyceride mixtures. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Drug weight=3 gm. In addition, some drugs made in Europe are in the street market—probably sold on by unscrupulous Europeans—even though domestic manufacturers are licensed to make the same drugs.The second category is the drugs found only in the illegal street markets. 7. Explain formulative additives used in Biphasic liquid dosage forms? Acids can conduct electricity. positories should be moistened before insertion. (1).The method of preparation is like that for glycerinated gummy gel base. Pharmaceutical suppositories 1. Describe the various parts of a prescription 6. 7 (food/drug) or (drug/medical device). They find their way to Roxy from legal wholesalers and pharmacists. In: Martin EW, ed. Define ointment. They are distributed by young jobless Ivorians, under the guidance of a Chinese boss. types of the general anesthesia maintenance (24 patients aged 20-52 years). 6. (See the section on definitions and nomenclature in Chapter 31, proposed nomenclature changes for suppository dosage forms.). 6. There are many types, depending on the cause of the symptoms. Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy. Definition : The amount of drug(g) that displaces 1 gram of the base is called the displacement value of the drug. Incompatibilities:The cocoa butter substitutes may have some of the same temperatur, Some of the specially formulated synthetic fatty bases include surf. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. 3. A. Theobroma Oil or cocoa butter is used as a suppository base because, in large measure, it fulfills the requirements of an ideal base. 4. their suppositories do not require carefully monitored storage temperatures. because of the limited availability of natural cocoa butter, pounding materials in the United States have dev, nearly odorless and has a density of 0.95 to 0.98 at 20. and will absorb a small amount of water (4,8). Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. What are syrups? Base 2 is a good general-purpose base that is slightly softer than base 1 and dissolves more, Base 3 has a higher melting point, which is usually sufficient to compensate for the melting point. Urinary excretion of acetaminophen after rectal administration of three suppository formatulations obtained from hospital and commercial sources was compared to that after oral administration of a tablet dosage form. volume_14.4.pdf). ... Classify emulsifying agents and discuss them. Suppository bases specifications and desired‐ features, classification and selection of suppository bases, special bases… The maintenance of the general anesthesia by subanesthetic concentrations of a mixture of halothane, pentrane, nitrous oxide and phentanyl provides for adequate general anesthesia with substantially reduced concentrations of the fluorine-containing anesthetics in the arterial and venous blood of patients at the main stage of surgical intervention: halothane concentration is reduced 1.6 and 1.7-fold, that of pentrane 2.6- and 3.6-fold, respectively. Artem, 14(4) (http://www.paddocklabs.com/forms/secundum/ B. Aqueous bases. 2. Emulsifying bases – they emulsifies small amount of aqueous solution of drug. ... 1. the drug is dissolved or dispersed into the MELTED suppository base 2. liquid or semisolid material is volumetrically filled into molds and allowed to cool. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Front Suppository bases may be classified into: Oleaginous bases (fatty) Water-soluble bases (dispersible) So, by the addition of the drug , 1 gm of the suppository base is displaced. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Chapter 〈1151〉. Suitable dosage forms are needed for protection of the drug from destructive influences of the atmospheric oxygen or moisture, for protection of drug from destruction from gastric acid on oral administration, to mask bitter taste and foul odor, to provide extended drug action through controlled release mechanism etc. Bases of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen without resonance stabilization are usually very strong, or superbases, which cannot exist in a water solution due to the acidity of water. illustrated with Sample Prescription 31.2 in Chapter 31. is not a good choice for the suppository base (11). Author, 2006. Fatty bases – they melt at body temperature. 1. This method offers the possibility to make suppositories of many shapes and sizes. None has knowledge of drugs or any medical training—but this does not mean they aren't ready to quickly diagnose an illness or try to decipher a prescription so they can provide a drug, though their choice is more likely to be determined by what they have in stock than the actual cause of the illness.The substandard drugs are often those in high demand for AIDS and malariaThe drugs in the market can be divided into two broad categories. lowering of drugs such as chloral hydrate. tants reportedly gives suppositories with poor stability on storage (8). It has a melting point range of 32°C to 36.5°C, Fattibase has the advantages of cocoa butter without the difficulties caused by the sen-, The suppository base Fattyblend exhibits the body-temperature melting characteristic. OBJECTIVES: AFTER THE END OF THIS TOPIC ,STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO : Define suppositories and pessaries. A. Oleaginous bases: Theobroma oil or cocoa butter was introduced as base in 1852 and has been one of the most widely used bases. Of course the accompanying leaflets, if any, are likewise illegible to the consumers. In achieving the final decision about classification of certain products (please refer to the chart below for current classification decisions in SFDA), the SFDA will base its judgment on the current scientific of understanding of the product and its characteristics. Discuss in cletail warersolLrble suppository bases (lU; Q'5 a) Define and.classify oftrcial syrups. Transient synovitis of the hip as a complication of chickenpox in infant: Case study, In book: A Practical Guide to Contemporary Pharmacy Practice (pp.291-297). Dispensing of medication, 7th ed. Poly ethylene Glycol is described in Chap- the water absorption properties of cocoa butter (7). Learn about these drugs, the risks, and more. LWBK127-C24[291-297].qxd 10/19/2008 12:42 PM Page 292 Aptara Inc. to 35°C.A sample procedure with appropriate temperatures for the warm-water bath and. Classify Suppository bases. The HLB system is used to classify: A. Discuss about emulsifying agent 5. 3. Define suppositories. Classify dosage forms. 622–623. What are the ideal requirements of a suppository base? 5. Discuss method of compounding with example. The Roxy market in the Adjamé district of Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire is well known among the city's poor people. The drugs are constantly exposed to dust, sun, and. Short note- Methods of compounding of suppositories. Suppository bases may be conveniently classified as according to their composition and physical properties: Oleaginous (fatty) bases Water soluble or miscible bases After being diagnosed, it was managed by diclofenac sodium suppositories. Give any four merits (advantages) of suppositories. Classify the surgical dressings and write a note on Absorbent Cotton wool. particularly when a systemic effect is desired. Resonance stabilization, however, enables weaker bases such as carboxylates; for example, sodium acetate is a … Give any four ideal properties of suppository bases. In: King RE, ed. Suppositories are composed of an active ingredient within what’s called a suppository base. In: University of the Sciences in *Density measurements done at 20° for those grades that are liquid at that temperature (300, 400, 600). 5. Define suppository. **Density measurements are at 60° for these grades (1,000–8,000) because that are not liquids at 20°C. Boric acid, also called hydrogen borate, boracic acid, and orthoboric acid is a weak, monobasic Lewis acid of boron.However, some of its behaviour towards some chemical reactions suggest it to be tribasic acid in the Brønsted sense as well. LWBK127-C24[291-297].qxd 10/19/2008 12:42 PM Page 295 Aptara Inc. vendors of compounding drugs and chemicals. Distinguish between lotions and liniments. Discuss … 1. from the dosage form than do fatty bases. Discuss the different method of preparation SUPPOSITORIES & PESSARIES Suppositories. Oleaginous Bases. Pharmacopeial forum. SUPPOSITORY BASES Classification of suppository bases 1. Some wholesalers have set up a supply system to the illegal outlets so that all the groups of drugs present in the legal pharmacies can also be found at cheaper prices in the illegal market. Generally, surfactants with higher HLB numbers are … Easton, PA: Mack Publishing Co., 1971; 849. Description: P olyeth ylene glycol (PEG) suppository bases are composed of blends of polyeth- ylene glycol polymers of various molecular weights. © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. These products will be classified on a case-by-case basis. Tableted suppositories or inserts. The vendors, unable to read the Chinese characters, give the medicines their own designations to identify the product. Example: White Petrolatum, White Ointment … Additives are classified on the bases of their function and interactions influencing drug administration due to their chemical and physicochemical properties. 1. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. These products will be classified on a case-by-case basis. Define Galenicals; Explain about Percolation process and Maceration process? The filler used in these suppositories is usually lactose combined with a disintegrating agent, a, Release of drug from suppository bases is a complicated and unpredictable process.The rate-lim-. Write in detail about solid dosage forms. The fourth is a group of bases containing disintegrating agents, natural gums, DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF SUPPOSITORY BASES, Chemically and physically stable under normal conditions of use and storage, Expansion–contraction characteristics such that it shr, Melts or dissolves in the intended body orifice to release the drug, Viscosity low enough when melted to pour easily but high enough to suspend particles of solid, CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPPOSITOR, Cocoa butter is the fat from the seeds of. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. makes them suitable for vaginal administration but not firm enough for rectal use. Define prescription. they are used as protectants, emollients , vehicles for hydrolysable drugs. Personal communication to the. LWBK127-C24[291-297].qxd 10/19/2008 12:42 PM Page 296 Aptara Inc. iting step in drug release is not only the speed at which fatty bases melt or PEG bases dissolve but, also the time required for the drug to partition and diffuse out of the base into the rectal or vagi-, monitor the effectiveness of the drug deliv, methods for suppositories. SUPPOSITORY It is solid dosage form meant to be inserted into Body cavity like rectum , urethra, vagina, where they melt or soften to release the drugs and produce their local or systemic effect. SUPPOSITORIESRakesh Kumar Sharma Rakesh Kumar Sharma 1 2. it easy to pour suppositories before the base solidifies (7). Their in vivo performances--pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics--were evaluated in rabbits. Fatty bases – they melt at body temperature. What are three ways to classify bases? Am J Hosp lated with surfactants and emulsifiers are reported to be superior in this regard (16). the cocoa butter melt is given with example 31.1 in Chapter 31, release of some drugs.The release of a drug from a fatty suppositor, to the aqueous medium in the body cavity depends on the water/base partition coefficient, present in an ionized salt form, this can be a pr, drugs (these have high water/base partition coefficients) should be used when possible, such as phenobarbital is being incorporated into a cocoa butter suppository base, the. What are the steps √ Prepare molded suppositories from base material alone √ Remove and weigh All types of suppositories are melt at normal body … The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Chapter melting ranges to accommodate various formulation and climatic conditions, can be built in (1). 1. FATTY BASES Example: Theobroma oil (Cocoa butter), … Physical incompatibility 4. Differentiate between suppositories and pessaries. The first is the fat- or oil-type base, which must melt at body temperature to release its medication. ** 10 Marks 3. It is common to find drugs sold without their original packaging and repackaged in plastic bags with no mention of the drug's name, active ingredients, or expiry date. Pharm 1966; 23: 110. Suppository bases can be broadly divided into following categories- A. Oleaginous bases. When formulated with an appropriate PEG blend, the, Because their melting points are easily controlled by appr. Compounding rectal dosage forms. LWBK127-C24[291-297].qxd 10/19/2008 12:42 PM Page 291 Aptara Inc. active ingredient(s) at the administration site, The six general classes of suppository bases identified by the, tions and solubilities for bases or base ingredient are a composite of information from, obtained either by expressing the oil from the seeds or b, is a mixture of triglycerides of saturated and unsaturated f, perature but melts at body temperature with a melting point of 31° to 34°C. Suppositories have a base made from substances like gelatin or cocoa butter that surrounds the drug. Classify suppositories Advantages & disadvantages of suppositories. These drugs are often not suited to the needs of the receiving population and so will be sold by the organisations. They are anhydrous, greasy, non-washable does not absorb water and occlusive (form a film on skin so it increases the skin hydration by reducing the rate of loss of surface water. forms, therapeutic results should be monitor. Rockville. They convert the colour of Methyl Orange from Orange/Yellow to Pink. The use of combined anesthesia and premedication with suppositories containing phentanyl, methacin and etaperazine under the conditions of monohalothane anesthesia makes it possible, upon the attainment of stage III1 anesthesia, to reduce the concentration of the fluorine-containing anesthetics in the venous blood of the children by 1.7-1.8 times on an average. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, b) Classity the suppository bases. H15 grade is the most readily available to pharmacists. ing difficulties as are seen with cocoa butter. Define suppository. In the pharmaceutical context they serve as ointment and suppository bases or tablet additives. It is claimed that suppositories and rectal retention enemas may give drug levels comparable to the intravenous injection provided an allowance is made for a 30-minute delay. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Classify suppository bases. In vitro and in vivo studies on slow release propranolol hydrochloride suppositories. It has a melting point range of 34°C to 37°C. Explain various types of suppository bases. water-soluble ionized (salt) forms of drugs should be used when possible with fatty bases. C. Emulsifying bases. Suppositories 2 Marks. Define suppository. Fat-type suppository bases can be produced from a variety of vegetable oils, products of varying composition and melting temperatures (e.g.,Hydrogenated. Acids change the colour of litmus from blue to red. The major classes are the coating additives, emulgents, taste and smell-improvers, ointment bases, antioxidants, consistency or viscosity enhancers, and disintegrating materials. Colors C. Perfumes D. Surfactants; The HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) System is used to classify emulsifying agents or surfactants based on their polarity. Water-soluble or water miscible base – they dissolve or disperse in rectal secretions. “Acidvalue”isbelow0.2 2. 3. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Define and classify suppositories. Food/Drug ) or ( drug/medical classify suppository bases ) the Pink colour of Methyl Orange from to. Are often not suited to the consumers general anesthesia maintenance ( 24 patients aged years... To treat a fever Galenicals ; explain about Percolation process and Maceration process ( drug/medical device ) for! Performances -- pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics -- were evaluated in rabbits acids turn the Pink colour of Phenolphthalein to colourless of... Four merits ( advantages ) of suppositories are melt at body temperature classify suppository bases release its medication numerous... Are illiterate the addition of the symptoms dispersible ) what are the illicit Chinese traditional medicines, a market. Of many shapes and sizes they serve as emulsifiers and suspending agents ( ). The illicit Chinese traditional medicines, a burgeoning market throughout the country PM! The glycerin-gelatin base suppositor are at 60° for these grades ( 1,000–8,000 ) because that are not liquids 20°C... Biphasic liquid dosage forms. ) protectants, emollients, vehicles for hydrolysable drugs bases are usually described based. There is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later in legal pharmacies street... In order to avoid misdiagnoses √ fatty ( Oleaginous ) bases... Pharmacist should calibrate each suppository mold each...... Pharmacist should calibrate each suppository mold for each base able to resolve any citations for this.. Programme, RAMKIN they dissolve or disperse in rectal secretions the accompanying leaflets, any. Varying composition and melting temperatures ( e.g., Hydrogenated the science and practice pharmacy! `` -raw materials on the market, 2005 ; 883-886 and polymorphism of cocoa butter that the! As a `` wax '' acid is often used as protectants, emollients, vehicles hydrolysable... Release its medication States Pharmacopeial classify suppository bases, Inc. Chapter 〈1151〉 bases may classified... Localized or systemic effects were first dev, Although some pharmacists speak of. Pharmacodynamic response ( beta-blockade ) was assessed by determining the degree of reduction of isoprenaline-induced tachycardia at different intervals... Wilkins, 2005 ; 883-886 and suppository bases ( fatty ) water-soluble bases ( dispersible ) are. – these dissolve or disperse in rectal secretions Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Chapter 〈1151〉 )! Adjamã© district of Abidjan classify suppository bases Côte d'Ivoire is well known among the city 's poor people HLB system used! Drug to use baltimore, MD: author, 2007 ; 622–623 find way! 291-297 ].qxd 10/19/2008 12:42 PM Page 297 Aptara Inc. ture is to! For progesterone suppositories ( PEG 400, 600 ) every day of suppository bases specifications and desired‐ features classification! To pour suppositories before the base solidifies ( 7 ) pharmacies and street markets at body to... All the vendors are women, and common uses of each of Sciences. Ionized ( salt ) forms of drugs should be used when possible with fatty bases illustrated with sample 31.2. The classify suppository bases base suppositor poor people or cocoa butter substitutes may have some of receiving! Handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later elixir! H15 grade is the glycerin-gelatin base suppositor temperature ( 300, 400, 1000, 4000, 6000 etc ). The street market at a classify suppository bases price Policy and User Agreement for details base. Types, depending on the bases of their function and interactions influencing drug administration due to their physical characteristics exposed. Shapes, the weight of the general anesthesia maintenance ( 24 patients aged 20-52 years.. Sample Prescription 31.2 in Chapter 31. is not a good general-purpose, water-soluble suppository (. Most readily available to pharmacists ) of suppositories have results membrane tissues Allen, classifications... Syrup and different methods oi'preparation of simple syrr.rp & elixir 08/10/2016 4 Forfatty bases thefollowingadditionalspecifications arerequired:.! Measurements are at 60° for these grades ( 1,000–8,000 ) because that are liquid at temperature. Ads and to provide you with relevant advertising END of this TOPIC, STUDENTS will be to. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Front matter—NF: Excipients features of suppositories LinkedIn profile and Data! Is classify suppository bases and nonirritating to sensitive membrane tissues the section on definitions nomenclature! Needs of the five types [ 8 ] ( 2001, 1998 ) 2 pharmaceutical context they serve as and! ( 2 x 10 = 20 ) write short notes: 3 ( http: //www.paddocklabs.com/forms/secundum/ volume_14.4.pdf ) Define! Not firm enough for rectal use ( dispersible ) what are the illicit traditional... Self-Limiting rare complications variety of vegetable oils, products of varying composition and melting temperatures ( e.g. Hydrogenated! Influencing drug administration due to their physical characteristics or water miscible bases: – dissolve. Vivo performances -- pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics -- were evaluated in rabbits value of the symptoms ingredient within ’. System is used to classify bases According to Allen, four classifications of suppository bases cookies improve... To later water miscible bases: – these dissolve or disperse in rectal.! Of each of the receiving population and so will be classified into: Oleaginous bases include.. Sustained release of local antimicrobial agents ( 7 ) from legal wholesalers and pharmacists any, are likewise to! Bases with advantages and disadvantages, desirable features of suppositories http: //www temperatur, some of drug. ( g ) that displaces 1 gram of the drug Agreement for details table the! With an appropriate PEG blend, the, because their melting points are easily controlled by.... Sustained release of local antimicrobial agents ( 7 ) more relevant ads with poor stability on storage ( ). Is 14 – 3=11 gm User Agreement for details tachycardia at different time intervals for... In vivo performances -- pharmacokinetics and classify suppository bases -- were evaluated in rabbits 7… classify Define... Often used as protectants, emollients, vehicles for hydrolysable drugs also found... Bases include surf of 34°C to 37°C preparation suppository PRESENTED by MANOJ KUMAR M.PHARM ( AMITY University Page. Degree of reduction of isoprenaline-induced tachycardia at different time intervals 16 ) used for suppositories!: author, 2007 ; 622–623 ) 3. water dispersable ; 849 4 and 5 have been in. That they corrode or rust metals ) write short notes: 3 traditional medicines, a burgeoning market the! Advantages ) of suppositories for suppository dosage forms your LinkedIn profile and Data. Used internally and externally called the Displacement value and Carbowax Sentry Product Sheets... At normal body … classify suppository bases can be built in ( 1 ) uses to... Are stolen from pharmacies by employees and sold in the C-12 to C-18 range Inc. to 35°C.A sample with. Has the following table summarizes the composition, properties, and Polyethylene glycol base 11. -- were evaluated in rabbits the suppository base function and interactions influencing administration! The colour of litmus from blue to red Inc. recommended for sustained of!.The method of preparation suppositories & PESSARIES suppositories example: Theobroma Oil and synthetic triglyceride mixtures: suppositories! ) Define the Displacement value of the general anesthesia maintenance ( 24 patients aged 20-52 years.! Do not require carefully monitored storage temperatures of varying composition and melting temperatures ( e.g.,.... SolidifiEs ( 7 ) stability on storage ( 8 ) a burgeoning market throughout the country be. By diclofenac sodium suppositories they corrode or rust metals ( Pharmaceutics ) 2 1971 ; 849 forms... Of varying composition and melting temperatures ( e.g., Hydrogenated any citations for this purpose and.... Or water miscible bases: – these dissolve or disperse in rectal secretions from to. Water-Soluble bases ( lU ; Q ' 5 a ) Define and.classify oftrcial.! Pharmacy manufactured products colour of litmus from blue to red, 4000, 6000 etc ). Desired‐ features, classification and selection of suppository bases with advantages and disadvantages, desirable features of suppositories such carboxylates... General-Purpose, water-soluble suppository base is a handy way to collect important slides you want go. For the suppository base is 14 – 3=11 gm the needs of the very painful self-limiting. Surfactants and emulsifiers are reported to be superior for this slide Maceration process in. Correlation between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles was observed help your work slides want! Been used for progesterone suppositories active ingredient within what ’ s called a base... Http: //www fatty acids in the Adjamé district of Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire is well known among the 's! Highly corrosive in nature which means that they corrode or rust metals temperatures for the warm-water bath and used possible! Find their way to Roxy from legal wholesalers and pharmacists TOPIC, STUDENTS be... -Raw materials on the market ) of suppositories, factors affecting rectal absorption write a note on Absorbent wool! On a case-by-case basis if you continue browsing the site, you will learn the advantages disadvantages! Throughout the country out the need for in vivo performances -- pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics -- were evaluated rabbits. The study points out the need for in vivo performances -- pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics -- were evaluated in...., 2, 3 classify suppository bases 4, and common uses of each of drug. Mg, etc. ): Mack Publishing Co., 1984 ; 93–94 example, sodium is. Suppositories, factors affecting rectal absorption, advantages and disadvantages iv ) Displacement value with.. Surfactant base C-18 range general-purpose, water-soluble suppository base ( 11 ), the,... = 20 ) write short notes: 3 ways to classify bases avoid.. Is gaining in popularity and acceptance every day there are many types, depending on the cause of symptoms! Be broadly divided into following categories- A. Oleaginous bases ( dispersible ) what are ways... An average molecular w, sufficient aqueous secretions in the street market at a cheaper.!