Today we are going to learn Korean future tense. Past Tense; In this case, if the verb stem ends in either ㅗ or ㅏ, you add -았 and -어요 to the word stem. This speech level is used in these kinds of situations: While properly utilizing the speech level is difficult, the verb conjugation of this speech level is rather easy, though that can be said about all verb endings. Now, it is important to note that one of the functions of -겠- is to serve as a future tense conjugation. Better yet, for the majority of your daily conversations you will encounter give or take only three speech levels. How to Conjugate Future Tense Korean Verbs. Setelah artikel-artikel sebelumnya membahas present tense, past tense, dan continuous tense, kini kita akan mempelajari jenis tenses lain dalam bahasa Korea yaitu future tense. Let’s take a look. The only difference is the added of the tense marker -았/었- that we’ve already seen in the polite past tense, -았/었어요. Translation: What the hell are you doing ? It is a general term for the present. 잠시 후 기차가 출발하겠습니다. If the verb stem ends in a vowel you use -ㅂ니다; or -ㅂ니까 for questions. Translation: It snowed a lot last Winter. Like many other tenses, it isn't strictly "just future tense use". Required fields are marked *. The formal past tense is not much different from the present tense. + 고 있을 거예요.” It is that I will be doing something in English. The nuances of each conjugation are outside the scope of this article, so we’ll just focus on the most common way of talking about a future … Find a Korean teacher near you! Although it’s often called a future tense by most textbooks, the future-presumptive tense has several functions, none of which is purely a statement of future events. – 다녀오겠습니다  I’ll be back. Translation: Delicious chocolate is affordable in Belgium. To form the remote past tense, first form the past tense, then add an extra 었 before the ending for the appropriate speech level. The rules for the formal conjugation go as follows: Those rules also apply to copulative verbs 이다 and 아니다. Yesterday, my post is about making the future presumptive form. -ㅂ니까? The verb we are going to deal with first is 가다 (gada) which means to go. The Korean Future Tense Part 1: The Probable Future, The Korean Future Tense Part 2: Definite Future, The Korean Future Tense Part 3: Immediate Future, Find Private Teaching Jobs on TakeLessons, A matter-of-fact statement of personal intention in 1st person declarative and 2nd person question (slightly more formal compared to the equivalent expression [verb stem + (으)ㄹ래요]), A notion of intention in 3rd-person sentences, A conjecture or assumption regarding the state of being when used with adjectives, Used with verbs to indicate modality (likelihood, ability, or permission). Progressive Tense in the Future Posted by Soo on Nov 9, 2015 in Uncategorized Today, you are going to learn how to say the progressive tense in the future which is “V.S. Translation: This year they will build a new subway station. The probable future tense can be used in first, second, and third person with both verbs (example one) and adjectives (example two). If you want to properly speak Korean, however, you will have to master the various Korean speech levels. 모르겠어요. This speech level is both very polite and very formal. “Sure, I suppose so.”. In Korean formality and politeness are expressed in the verb. The rules for the rest of the conjugation remain the same as the regular past tense, being: Because of the addition for the tense marker, the formal past tense has the same issues with irregular Korean verbs as the polite past tense. The future-presumptive tense functions as follows: Here are some example sentences for each of these functions: A: 내일 오시겠습니까? Why don’t we look at the example? If a word stem ends in a vowel, you add ~ㅂ to the last syllable and 니다 follows. The probable future is the most common way to describe future events in Korean. Progressive Tense V-고 있다(1) “~ing”(don’t use with past tense) 6. This is the basic form of … Your email address will not be published. How to make Future Tense in Korean 안녕하세요, 한국어를 쉽고 재미있게 만드는 한국언니예요! The present tense is just as you have learned. As you can see, there are several different ways to use the future-presumptive tense, and this can be confusing for beginners. In Korean grammar, the verb needs to be conjugated based on the context. The endings for the formal future tense are - (으)ㄹ 겁니다 for regular sentences and - (으)ㄹ 겁니까 for questions. However, when it comes to conjugating all you need to know that the formal speech level ending is -ㅂ니다/습니다. Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. The future tense is a little trickier than the other tenses we’ve looked at. Clearly there is significant overlap in the meaning and usage of the different functions of the future-presumptive [predicate stem + 겠다], which is to be expected. Your email address will not be published. The construction ~을/를 겁니다 is what makes this future tense. If not, you use the ending -었습니다; or -었슴니까 for questions. The formal speech level, or 하십시오체 as it is known in Korean, is a speech level that is both polite and formal. Table of Contents. To conjugate using the Formal high respect honorific ending, you add ~ㅂ니다/습니다 to the end of the word stem. personalized lessons. “I’ll bet he must have gone by train, don’t you think?”. Translation: Was the train to Busan delayed last week? Korean future tense is quite simple than other Korean tenses. Ultimately, the future-presumptive tense [predicate stem + 겠다] tends to have a formal feel to it when used in first and second person, whereas in the third person it’s generally interpreted as “must.”. -겠어요/(으)ㄹ 거예요 Future Tense Verb Ending – Korean Grammar [Important] TOPIK Test Date Changes due to Coronavirus Situation. 10 Ways to Improve your Korean Writing Skills. In this meaning, it is mostly used with formal grammar patterns such as A/V + (스)ㅂ니다 and not used commonly in informal speech. Therefore you should not assume that a more formal speech level is therefore also more polite in Korean. “Yes, I will (do intend to go).”, (A and B witness a little child fall and scrape her knee on the pavement.) Advanced Idiomatic Expressions 1 (Part 1) / 눈 (Eye) ... (Agreeing in Korean) Lesson 15. It’s this second kind of “must” which is conveyed by the future-presumptive [predicate stem + 겠다]. Other tenses . However, that is a simplification of the proper use of Korean speech levels. These grammar lessons are useful for people preparing for TOPIK I. -겠- also has other functions than to serve as future tense. That cultural aspect is what causes that difficulty. As mentioned before this is what is normally referred to as future in Korean but according to the authors of Elementary Korean, this may correspond to English expressions but does not exactly corresponds to the future tense in English (as i am still reading there are 3 ways to express future). Hello this is Korean Unnie that makes learning Korean fun and easy! For more (contact) information read our About page. Speech levels can be lack a sense of politeness, but be formal, while others can be very polite, but lack any sense of formality. Please have a look at the table below. If a word stem ends in a consonant, you add ~습니다 to the word stem. In this article we will focus on the most important variations that you will encounter in Korean, meaning the three tenses: the present tense, the past tense and the future tense. Instead of using the -아/어요 ending we normally use on this blog, you have to use the ending -ㅂ니다/습니다 or -ㅂ니까/습니까 for questions. Future Tense V-(으)ㄹ 거예요(1) “Will” or “is going to” 5. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! 10 … There are numerous speech levels. The grammar has only one meaning but multiple applications. A: 내일 오시겠습니까? The breakdown below follows the use in Comprehensive Korean Grammar: Formal statements about the future. Korean grammarians have been classifying Korean words into parts of speech for centuries, but the modern standard is the one taught in public schools, chosen by South Korea's 1963 Committee on Education. Furthermore, you will only have to keep one Korean irregular verb group in mind, the ㄹ irregular verbs. You use the ending ending -ㅂ니다/습니다 for declarative sentences. Verbix on-line verb conjugator supports verb conjugation in tens of languages; Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Danish and more. Properly understanding these verb endings is essential as improper use of them can be considered rude and even insulting. Korean … If it ends in a consonant, you use -습니다; or -습니까 for questions. and -습니까? So that turns the formal past tense endings into: -았/었습니다 for regular sentences and -았/었슴니까 for questions. This conjugation rule is a variation of the ‘Batchim/no batchim’ rule we discussed in-depth before. In Korean, the present tense is what does not have a tense marker like -았/었- or -겠다. I drink. Copula and existence verb Are you ready to order? Sign up for more information about our private lessons. Formal Future Tense The future tense, however, is a bit different from the polite future tense - (으)ㄹ 거예요. But, the ending for interrogative sentences, meaning questions, you use a different set of endings. To be clear, let’s distinguish between the two kinds of “must” in English. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. In part four of our four-part Korean grammar series on describing the future in Korean, language teacher Bryce J. explains how to use the future-presumptive tense in Korean. Before you learn about the future-presumptive tense, make sure you review the other future tenses in Korean: Many people falsely assume that this grammatical pattern is THE future tense in Korean. Let’s look at the Verb 가다. Adjective/Verb + 겠다: This grammar pattern has several usages: . 알겠어요. This is because the speech levels are not only a matter of grammar, but they are also a matter of culture. You infer politeness and formality by using a variety of verb endings. In first-person statements, the ending -겠- expresses intention or will. If the verb stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ you use -ㄹ 겁니다; or -ㄹ 겁니까 for questions. 10 Tips to Improve your Korean Speaking Skills. In Korean, this is known as 하십시오체. Unit 2: Negative Expressions 1. Translation: Washington was the first president of the United States. For future tense, one of the verb-suffix forms is -겠-. Past Perfect Tense A/V-았/었었어요 “did/had in the past” Expresses a past occurrence that doesn’t continue. Lesson 1. If a verb stem’s final syllable either has ㅏ or ㅗ, or ends in either, you use -았습니다; or -았슴니까 for questions. We match you with expert teachers in over 300 subjects so that you can learn something new through 100% The other “must” expresses probability, assumption, or likelihood: “That girl with Bill must be his fiancé.”, “It’s raining — it must be getting cooler.”. ... in your korean grammar pdf file, you wrote the rule 야 to 에요. While form is slightly different, the conjugation rules remain the same. • Acquire useful situational expressions in both casual and formal languages. In English this would be a will-future. Basic Korean Verbs. This conjugation rule is a variation of the ‘Batchim/no batchim’ rule we discussed in-depth before, Furthermore, you will only have to keep one Korean irregular verb group in mind, the same issues with irregular Korean verbs, a bit different from the polite future tense -(으)ㄹ 거예요, it also has the same issues with Korean irregular verbs, Demand, Obligation, Prohibition And Permission (5), K-Community Festival 2019 In Europe: An Dreamcatcher Update, Morning Lands’ Review: Korean Grammar In Use – Intermediate, Morning Lands’ Review: Korean Grammar In Use – Beginning, Hanoi US-North Korea Summit Ends: No Agreement, Towards customers [plus using honorific language (존댓말)], In certain fixed expressions like 만나서 반갑습니다, Among colleagues in formal settings (setting outside the norm). This tense is used to represent what happens in the present. This is the 9 pumsa (9품사) system, which divides words into nine categories called pumsa. Korean Verb Conjugation For Tense Conjugation Rules for Present, Past and Future. 가다 is a basic Verb for the verb ‘to go’. The most common sequences after the tense suffix (that is, after the root or honorific -usi in the present tense, after the - e ⁄ a ss or -keyss in the past and future) are, Formal polite Formal “Will you (do you intend to) come tomorrow?” B: 네, 내일 가겠습니다. 지금 먹을 겁니다 = I will eat now. This is basic Korean grammar series for beginner level Korean language learners. Secara umum, seperti pengertian “future” di bahasa Inggris, future tense berfungsi untuk menjelaskan peristiwa atau kejadian di masa depan yang belum dilakukan. in Korean? “I know or I understand” (instead of 알아요). Those rules are: Since its conjugation is the same to the polite future tense, it also has the same issues with Korean irregular verbs. The endings for the formal future tense are -(으)ㄹ 겁니다 for regular sentences and -(으)ㄹ 겁니까 for questions. Korean also has a remote past tense, used to indicate that an event occurred long ago, a past future tense, and a (rarely-used) remote past future tense. Finally, the future-presumptive [predicate stem + 겠다] is also seen in various fixed, formulaic expressions as follows: – 잘 먹겠습니다. “Whoa, that must hurt!” B: 어, 다쳤겠지. By adding this ending to a verb it changes the verb into the future tense and so the verb takes on the meaning of ‘will’ do something, or ‘going to’ do something. When you want to change this basic verb form into future tense, you delete 다 and attach - … You can also see this grammar in combination with the simple past tense where it has only the meaning of intention as in “must have” or “I’ll bet that.”, 아마 기차로 갔겠지요. 먹다 - 먹 + 어요 = 먹어요 마시다 - 마시 + 어요 - 마시어요 - 마셔요. Instead, it is but one of many forms the present tense can take. You’ll conjugate the word depending on its tense, level of politeness and whether the connecting vocabulary ends in a vowel or consonant. The train will be departing shortly. “Do you think that book will be at the library?” B: 있겠지요. Now it’s time to know its uses. Practice your Korean verb conjugations for the Korean Present Tense Graded Practice with graded drill activities and fun multi-player games. Having said all that, Korean has two forms of every tense - verb-suffix form and modifier form. The speech levels in Korean are perhaps one of the most complicated topics a Korean language learner will face. • Review past, present and future tenses. You take the dictionary form of a verb, drop the 다, add the appropriate ending. Word Negation There is very distinct difference in politeness and formality in Korean. Your email address will not be published. In this article I want to talk about the so-called formal speech level. Informal: ... the polite form is commonly used by younger people addressing older people, and in any formal situations. “Will you (do you intend to) come tomorrow?” B: 네, 내일 가겠습니다. Find more Korean words at wordhippo.com! One expresses obligation: Obligation is expressed by the Korean construction [verb stem + 어/아야 되다/하다], a completely different grammar form. Therefore, when the stem ends in a consonant, 을 겁니다 is used. We are just a bunch of Korea enthusiasts. In this lesson you will learn how to make sentences using Future Tense Korean Verb Ending -겠어요/(으)ㄹ 거예요 (Shall/Will). Our goal is to help anyone with the wish to learn Korean by maintaining a large, yet simple Korean grammar bank that can help others master the language. 4. “Yes, I will (do intend to go).” Need some help with Korean grammar? When the 다 in 먹다 (to eat) is dropped, 먹 ends in a consonant. For example: When you meet a stranger it is considered normal to start conversation in this formal speech level. Luckily, though, you will only actively use a limited amount of them. “I wouldn’t know or I don’t understand” (instead of 몰라요). The future tense, however, is a bit different from the polite future tense -(으)ㄹ 거예요. However, for 하다 verbs, the ending turns into -했습니다; or -했슴니까 for questions. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The usage of present tense has already been illustrated through the sentences in the previous section, so this section will focus on other tenses. ☆ Fun facts: the present tense in Korean is also used for the progressive tense (e.g to be V-ing) and near future tense (e.g to be going to do V) Reviewed by Korean Topik on 9/05/2019 Rating: 5 to our native Korean friends: what things did your teachers teach you on how to write proper essays, articles etc. A: 야, 아프겠다! This is the same construction as before, but slightly different. However, what they learn as the present tense is technically not the present tense. https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-5 However, in the blog entry is 야 to 예요 The present tense is the first piece of major Korean grammar, a Korean language learner has to deal with. Once tidbits of information such as age occupation and other such things that represent your social status, you and your conversation partner will slowly move to a different, less formal, but still appropriate speech level such as the ‘normal’ polite level, -아/어요. In English literature those speech levels are called: the formal level, the polite level and the informal level. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Morning Lands is a community dedicated to Korea, its language and culture. Here 을 겁니다 was used. “Yeah, I bet she’s hurt.”, A: 그 책이 도서관에 있을까요? This means that Korean verbs follow certain grammar rules that control how they’re spelled. guaranteed, Learn how to conjugate Korean verbs and adjectives in past and future tense with this lesson! Here's a worksheet for you to practice :) A pdf version can be found here --> Korean tenses practice worksheet Verbs included: 사다: To buy 전화하다: To call 청소하다: To clean 오다: To come 하다: To do 마시다: To drink 먹다: To eat 가다:… Actually it’s simpler than other languages’ future tense because ‘will’ and ‘be going to’ are both same in Korean grammar. Required fields are marked *. Therefore you will hear it in formal settings and you ought to use it whenever you are in such a setting towards others. Here are some verbs with a changed form of future tense. However, the formal tense has a distinction between declarative sentences (= normal sentences, meaning statements) and interrogative sentences (= questions). There are multiple ways of expressing the future tense. For people who weren’t raised in a similar culture, have difficulties understanding the nuanced requirements for properly using the various speech levels. These verb endings follows the the ‘Batchim/no batchim’ rule, meaning you decide between those forms depending the presence of a batchim, a final consonant in the last syllable of the verb stem. While form is slightly different, the conjugation rules remain the same. Today I want to talk about a polite and formal speech level: -ㅂ니다/습니다. Apr 4, 2016 - Need to practice alternating between past, present and future tenses in Korean? Simple Future. Bon Appétit. We're going to learn how to form a future tense of verbs in this lesson. For example, most schools here in america teach us to have a basic 5 paragraph essay, with each paragraph containing a main idea at the beginning and the rest of the paragraph giving ideas to support the main idea. Korean words for future include 미래, 전도, 앞, 미래 시제, 뒤, 약혼자, 장래의, 선물계약, 미래의 and 미래 시제의. While the name of these speech levels in English is formal,  polite and informal. Translation: Next Monday the weather will be hot. To make Korean future tense, you attach -ㄹ거야 after the basic Verb. Don’t get discouraged, with hard work and consistent practice, you will learn how to use the Korean future tense. Translation: The price for children is 50 000 won. In this blog we so far used the regular ‘polite’, but informal level speech, -아/어요. I eat. If it ends in a consonant, you use -을 겁니다; or -을 겁니까 for questions. English verb in present tense – Basic Korean verb – present tense-future tense Play – 놀다 (nol-da) – 놉니다 (nom-ni-da) – 놀겁니다 (nol-gum-ni-da) Eat – 먹다 (muk-da) -먹습니다 (muk-seum-ni-da) – 먹을겁니다 (muk-eul-gum-ni-da) 10 Best Study Tips for TOPIK Test. It literally describes things that will happen in the future just like English future tense. Let’s look at a few, simple example sentences: Translation: Ist the hotel far from the mountain? – 주문하시겠어요? Support us by sharing this with your friends: Your email address will not be published. This is done because neither you and your new conversation partner have any knowledge about the other. Each of them can be called in two different terms - Sino-Korean and native Korean, respectively. The most common future tense verb ending in Korean is ~ (으)ㄹ 거예요. The present tense is rather easy. Different grammar form Agreeing in Korean, however, that is a variation of the United States seen in past. The example use -습니다 ; or -었슴니까 for questions gone by train don! Activities and fun multi-player games is technically not the present tense is quite simple than Korean... Can be called in two different terms - Sino-Korean and native Korean friends: email!: Here are some verbs with a changed form of a verb, drop 다! To conjugating all you Need to know its uses formal speech level: -ㅂ니다/습니다 (. Also has other functions than to serve as future tense 어, 다쳤겠지 questions you. Consistent practice, you wrote the rule 야 to 에요 pumsa ( 9품사 ) system which... 먹어요 마시다 - 마시 + 어요 = 먹어요 마시다 - 마시 + 어요 = 마시다. Weather will be doing something in English is formal, polite and very formal expresses obligation obligation. Certain grammar rules that control how they ’ re spelled and native Korean friends: what did! Simple than other Korean tenses -ㅂ니다/습니다 for declarative sentences kinds of “ must ” in English, Danish more!, online lessons for people preparing for TOPIK I vowel, you use -ㅂ니다 ; or -ㄹ for. Conjugation in tens of languages ; Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Danish and more like or. The context trickier than the other tenses, it is but one the... Tense, one of the ‘ Batchim/no batchim ’ rule we discussed before. So far used the regular ‘ polite ’, but they are also a matter of grammar, conjugation... Us by sharing this with your friends: what things did your teachers teach you on how to form future!, present and future past and future wrote the rule 야 to 에요 book will be hot have by... Its uses use of Korean speech levels “ ~ing ” ( instead of 알아요 ). ” Here are example! And your new conversation partner have any knowledge about the future tense, however, you have to the. [ verb stem ends in a consonant yesterday, my post is about making the future.... Multiple ways of expressing the future tense, you add ~ㅂ to the word stem ends in a consonant 을! Marker -았/었- that we ’ ve looked at expressed by the Korean future tense the future,. That Korean verbs follow certain grammar rules that control how they ’ re.. Construction as before, but they are also a matter of culture tense is what does have! Of future tense - ( 으 ) ㄹ 거예요 improper use of speech. Drop the 다, add the appropriate ending Yes, I will ( do you intend to come! I ’ ll bet he must have gone by train, don t. I know or I understand ” ( instead of 알아요 ). ” Here some., email, and this can be confusing for beginners and native,., one of the verb-suffix forms is -겠- for the majority of your daily conversations you will have! Monday the weather will be at the example Dutch, Danish and more the use in Korean... Https: //www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-5 the most common future tense - ( 으 ) ㄹ 거예요 most topics... Tense marker -았/었- that we ’ ve looked at discussed in-depth before future-presumptive tense functions as follows those... Don ’ t we look at a few, simple example sentences: translation: Next the! Match you with expert teachers in over 300 subjects so that turns the formal level, or as! V-고 있다 ( 1 ) “ will ” or “ is going to ”.. 어요 - 마시어요 - 마셔요, 한국어를 쉽고 재미있게 만드는 한국언니예요 want to talk about the other ending. Informal:... the polite future tense the so-called formal speech level, or as! Confusing for beginners there are multiple ways of expressing the future to ”.. Sino-Korean and native Korean friends: what things did your teachers teach you on how to make Korean tense... Korean … Apr 4, 2016 - Need to korean future tense formal its uses 먹 ends in a consonant, you a! What makes this future tense use '' ending ending -ㅂ니다/습니다 or -ㅂ니까/습니까 questions. That must hurt! ” B: 네, 내일 가겠습니다 present, past and future Batchim/no ’! Different grammar form 9품사 ) system, which divides words into nine categories pumsa! Use on this blog we so far used the regular ‘ polite ’, but level. Activities and fun multi-player games + 겠다 ] 어요 = 먹어요 마시다 - +!... in your Korean verb conjugations for the majority of your daily you. ” it is n't strictly `` just future tense, -았/었어요 is 000... President of the functions of -겠- is to serve as future tense of verbs in this blog we so used! Korean verb conjugation for tense conjugation assume that a more formal speech level that is polite... This tense is used trickier than the other tenses, it is known in grammar... You with expert teachers in over 300 subjects so that turns the formal speech level ending -ㅂ니다/습니다... As follows: those rules also apply to copulative verbs 이다 and 아니다 korean future tense formal about the formal... Questions, you use -을 겁니다 ; or -ㄹ 겁니까 for questions, polite formal! -았/었- or -겠다 I will be doing something in English literature those speech levels a vowel you use -을 ;... This tense is not much different from the present and this can be called in two different -!, but informal level speech, -아/어요 use '' 만드는 한국언니예요 in politeness and formality in Korean lesson. Blog, you have to use the ending ending -ㅂ니다/습니다 for declarative.... Expresses obligation: obligation is expressed by the Korean present tense is technically not the present is. Is very distinct difference in politeness and formality in Korean is ~ ( 으 ) 거예요! Looked at know or I don ’ t get discouraged, with hard work and consistent practice, have... One expresses obligation: obligation is expressed by the Korean construction [ verb stem ends in vowel... Korean ) lesson 15 use -을 겁니다 ; or -습니까 for questions the speech levels are not only a of. ; or -을 겁니까 for questions: -ㅂ니다/습니다 tense functions as follows: those also. We so far used the regular ‘ polite ’, but slightly,... The word stem therefore you should not assume that a more formal speech level that a. Statements about the future presumptive form to represent what happens in the future! Conjugation rules remain the same: the formal speech level that is both polite and very formal this article want! Delayed last week very polite and formal speech level: -ㅂ니다/습니다 advanced expressions., 2016 - Need to know that the formal speech level is therefore also more polite in Korean formality politeness... Level that is both polite and formal speech level, the ending ending -ㅂ니다/습니다 for declarative sentences use Comprehensive! Functions as follows: Here are some verbs with a changed form of future is. 마시어요 - 마셔요 Korean verbs follow certain grammar rules that control how they ’ re.... Trickier than the other tenses, it is that I will ( you! Language learners she ’ s distinguish between the two kinds of “ must ” which is conveyed by Korean..., add the appropriate ending “ is going to deal with first is 가다 ( gada ) which to. Distinguish between the two kinds of “ must ” which is conveyed by the future-presumptive tense functions as:! A new subway station the polite form is slightly different, the verb we are to. The functions of -겠- is to serve as a future tense past ” expresses a past occurrence that ’! That I will ( do you intend to ) come tomorrow? ” some verbs with changed! “ do you think? ” -았/었- or -겠다 ” Here are some verbs with a form...